Traditional folk clothing in Slovakia

-


I am very proud of our "fashion heritage". Traditional clothing - Slovak folk costume hides not only a history, but especially its own story. During my study of the fashion history, I have to mention our - Slovak history. It is amazing, how a man can understand the life and the mentality of his ancestors, thanks to their clothes. Since my childhood I was fascinated by the embroidery of the traditional clothing, which contains certain symbols. Slovakian women used to express via clothes their position, mood, occasion or social status, as we do today.

With this article I want to show you our traditional clothing generally - you can find out, from which parts it is consisted of, which accessories had been used, how Slovak folk costumes looked like for various events; and thanks to the vyKROJenô and Inspirations exhibitions I will show you, how wonderful our history is and in which way it was transformed to the present day!




Som pyšná na naše "odevné bohatstvo". Tradičný odev - kroj v sebe ukrýva nielen históriu, ale predovšetkým svoj vlastný príbeh. Popri mojom štúdiu histórie odievania mi nedá nezastaviť sa práve pri tej našej - slovenskej histórii. Je úžasné, ako pomocou oblečenia človek dokáže pochopiť život a zmýšľanie svojich predkov, ako si dokáže predstaviť dobu, v ktorej žili. Už odmalička ma na kroji fascinovala jej bohatá výšivka, ktorá v sebe ukrýva určitú symboliku. Aj Slovenské devy, tak ako my dnes, prostredníctvom oblečenia vyjadrovali svoje postavenie, náladu, príležitosť či spoločnosť, ktorej boli momentálne súčasťou. 

Dnešným článkom by som vám chcela trošku priblížiť náš kroj ako taký - zistíte z akých častí sa skladá, aké súčiastky sa používali k jeho noseniu, ako vyzerali jednotlivé kroje na rôzne udalosti; a taktiež vám pomocou skvelých výstav vyKROJenô  a Inšpirácie ukážem, aká je naša história krásna a ako sa pretransformovala do súčasnosti!


How it all began?  (Ako to celé začalo?)


Traditional folk clothing - Slovak costume represented the clothes of the people living on the village. Its evolution was peaking in the second half of the 19th to the end of the first half of the 20th century, when it is progressively being changed into the industrial and crafted sewn ready-to-wear parts of clothing. An image of the traditional clothing was formed by several important factors (geographical and climatic conditions, social status, financial abilities), but also social and historical determinants such as colonization, migrations of the population, development of the craftwork, industrial production, trade, etc. Traditional materials for the Slovak folk costume production were linen, hemp, fur and wool. Except for these, also imported materials (cotton,silk) and textiles produced in factories (brocades, soft cotton textiles or woolen cloth) became popular.

The people, who worn and produced them, also paid attention  to not only the functionality, but also to the decoration, where they used their own abilities, expression and imaginations of a beauty. The result of this formation in Slovakia, at the end of  the 19th century was a creation of the 60 local variations of the traditional clothing!



Ľudový odev - kroj označoval oblečenie ľudí žijúcich na vidieku. Jeho vývoj vrcholí od druhej polovice 19. do konca prvej polovice 20. storočia, kedy sa postupne zamieňa za prevažne priemyselne a remeselne šité konfekčné odevné súčasti. Podobu ľudového odevu formovali viaceré významné faktory (geografické a klimatické podmienky, sociálne postavenie a finančné možnosti nositeľov) ale aj spoločenské a historické determinanty ako napríklad kolonizácie, migrácie obyvateľstva, rozvoj remesiel, priemyselnej výroby a obchodu a podobne. Tradičnými materiálmi na výrobu ľudového odevu boli ľan, konope, kožušina a vlna. Okrem nich sa stali populárnymi aj importované materiály (bavlna, hodváb) a textílie vyrábané v továrňach (kartún, brokáty, jemné bavlnené textílie alebo vlnené tkaniny).


Nositelia a zhotovitelia tradičného ľudového odevu venovali pozornosť nielen funkčnosti ale aj výzdobe, kde realizovali svoje individuálne schopnosti, cit a predstavy o kráse. Výsledkom tohto procesu na Slovensku koncom 19. storočia bolo vytvorenie približne šesťdesiatich variantov lokálnych dobových foriem tradičného odevu!





Parts of the traditional clothing (Časti tradičného odevu)



The clothes were always divided by sex and age. Among female clothes there was the lower part more segmented than in the masculine lower part. It consisted of several underskirts, rubáš (a type of underwear), blouse or female shirt, rukávce (a shirt with embroidered sleeves) and skirt. The upper part consisted of  upper skirt, apron, scarf, bodice, short or long coats, mentieka (a type of the coat) or fur coat. For shoes production domestic materials such as leather, linen and wool in the form of the knitted fabric or cloth were used. The oldest type of wraparound leather shoes are krpce. They symbolized the farmers, but after the First World War they stopped to wear them. Boots became a new type of the leather footwear. Jewellery were also the significant accessory.


Oblečenie sa v zásade vždy delilo podľa pohlavia a veku. V ženskom odeve bol spodný plátenný odev členitejší než mužský. Tvorilo ho niekoľko spodníc, rubáš, blúza alebo ženská košeľa, oplecko (rukávce) a sukňa. Vrchné časti tvorili okrem sukní i vlnené zástery či šatky,živôtik, trojštvrťové i dlhé kabáty a mentieky alebo kožuchy. Na vyhotovenie obuvi sa používal domáci materiál ako koža, plátno i vlna v podobe pleteniny či súkna. Najstarším typom koženej ovinovacej obuvi sú krpce. Boli symbolom roľníckeho ľudu, no po 1. svetovej vojne sa prestali nosiť. Novším typom celokoženej obuvi sa stali čižmy.  Významným doplnkom boli aj šperky.

A BLOUSE  (BLÚZA)

  RUBÁŠ


A FEMALE SHIRT (ŽENSKÁ KOŠEĽA)

RUKÁVCE

AN UNDERSKIRT (SPODNÁ SUKŇA)

AN UPPER SKIRT (VRCHNÁ SUKŇA)

A SKIRT WITH BODICE (SUKŇA so živôtikom)

AN APRON (ZÁSTERA)



A BODICE (živôtik)

A COAT (KABANICA)


MENTIEKA
A FUR COAT (KOŽUCH)



BOOTS (ČIŽMY)



KRPCE



Accessories (Súčiastky tradičného odevu)

The hairstyle was very important part of the female and masculine image. Since the period of sexual maturity (cca from 12 years), it was the main cover of the female head. The base was an updo, hair divided in the middle or the braid. An individual hairstyle was needed for ceremonial occasions (a braid was popular with using of a scarf or parta). The hairstyle of the married women followed the cut of the bonnet.

Účes bol veľmi podstatnou súčasťou úpravy žien i mužov. U žien bol základom pokrytia hlavy od obdobia pohlavnej zrelosti ( cca od 12 rokov). Základom boli dozadu sčesané vlasy, v strede hlavy rozdelené pútcom, a na temene hlavy spletené do vrkoča. Osobitnú úpravu účesu si vyžadovali sviatočné a obradové príležitosti. Vlasy sa zvykli rôzne zapletať a dopĺňala ich šatka alebo parta.  Úprava vlasov vydatých žien spravidla kopírovala strih čepca. 

                                                            POPULAR  HAIRSTYLES

Other popular accessories were a ruff and wristbands.

Ďalšími obľúbenými doplnkami tradičného odevu boli okružie a zápästky.




A BONNET (ČEPIEC)

PARTA



A SCARF (ŠATKA)


A LONG SCARF (VEĽKÁ ŠATKA)







A RUFF (OKRUŽIE)



WRISTBANDS (Zápästky)




Types of traditional folk costumes 
(Druhy tradičného ľudového odevu)

Ordinary clothing (Všedný odev)


Ceremonial clothing (Sviatočný odev)




Wedding clothing (Svadobný odev)



Mourning clothing (Smútočný odev)



Traditional clothing in the present
(Tradičný odev v súčasnosti)

A lot of fashion designers, artists or jewelers find their inspiration in the traditional folk clothing and its culture. For example, a talented jeweler Petra Toth, who likes to get inspired with patterns of the traditional folk clothing and uses their hidden symbols. Fashion designers, such as Milada Sabolová (you can read my article about this talented woman in the latest issue of the RUD magazine, more info HERE), Ľubica Poncik or Jana Gavalcová also like to use traditional folk techniques, such as work with a blueprint, an embroidery and natural materials. Their connection of a traditionality and todays modern line is fantastic. I had an opportunity to admire the models by Jana and Ľubica on the Inspirations exhibition. It was magnificient!

Inšpiráciu v tradičnom ľudovom odeve a kultúre hľadá veľa súčasných návrhárov, šperkárov, umelcov... Ako príklad môžem uviesť talentovanú šperkárku Petru Toth, ktorá sa rada inšpiruje vzormi tradičného ľudového odevu a používa ich skrytú symboliku. Módne návrhárky ako Milada Sabolová (môj článok si o tejto talentovanej žene máte možnosť prečítať v najnovšom čísle časopisu RUD, viď TU), Ľubica Poncik alebo Jana Gavalcová tiež s obľubou využívajú tradičné ľudové techniky ako práca s modrotlačou, výšivkou a  prírodnými materiálmi. Ich prepojenie tradičnosti s dnešnou modernou líniou je fantastické. Na výstave Inšpirácie som mala možnosť obdivovať modely šiat Jany a Ľubice a naozaj som sa nevedela vynadívať!



Petra Toth






Milada Sabolová



Jana Gavalcová a Ľubica Poncik




I am very happy, that there still exist the people, who do not forget our history in todays modern life and they decided to share it further! I belong to them since my childhood...

Som rada, že hoci žijeme v modernej dobe, stále existujú ľudia, ktorí na našu históriu nezabúdajú a s láskou sa ju rozhodli šíriť ďalej! Ja patrím medzi nich, už odmalička...

Thanks to the ÚĽUV for their brilliant sketches and informations about traditional folk clothing!
(Pozn.: Za užitočné informácie a kresby ďakujem ÚĽUVu - ich skvelej výstave Vykrojenô a taktiež ich skvelej encyklopédii tradičného slovenského odevu.)







46 comments

  1. Nádherný článok ♥ Osobne som veľmi rada, že niekto niečo také napísal ♥ Ja našu históriu a kultúru jednoducho milujem ♥

    ReplyDelete
  2. Thank you for taking the time to publish this information very useful! womens distressed sweatshirt

    ReplyDelete
  3. Numerous potential customers investigate the whole promoting bundle as they settle on a purchasing choice. logo design service

    ReplyDelete
  4. Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain expertise, would you mind updating your blog with extra information? It is extremely helpful for me. Custom Velcro Patches

    ReplyDelete
  5. very interesting and informative post. I am in Melbourne Australia, my husband is Slovak and I am trying to find out how to make or purchase traditional Kroj for my two girls...

    ReplyDelete
  6. According to a new ruling, the Reserve bank of India -RBI has made it mandatory for all banks issuing credit and debit cards to provide additional authentication information over and above what is visible on the card. To prevent fraud and to make online shopping safer, the RBI has made it mandatory, from 1st August onwards, for all online vbv-msc-logotransactions to have increased security via registering each and every card with its respective merchant. big lenny hoodie

    ReplyDelete
  7. According to a new ruling, the Reserve bank of India -RBI has made it mandatory for all banks issuing credit and debit cards to provide additional authentication information over and above what is visible on the card. To prevent fraud and to make online shopping safer, the RBI has made it mandatory, from 1st August onwards, for all online vbv-msc-logotransactions to have increased security via registering each and every card with its respective merchant. Lil peep Crybaby Half Colored Hoodie

    ReplyDelete
  8. According to a new ruling, the Reserve bank of India -RBI has made it mandatory for all banks issuing credit and debit cards to provide additional authentication information over and above what is visible on the card. To prevent fraud and to make online shopping safer, the RBI has made it mandatory, from 1st August onwards, for all online vbv-msc-logotransactions to have increased security via registering each and every card with its respective merchant. Shane Dawson Hoodie

    ReplyDelete
  9. Crystal meth is one of the most addictive street drugs by far and is known to create a sense of euphoria. It is a kind of methamphetamine that has effects similar to those of cocaine, though it is comparatively much cheaper and much stronger than cocaine. Known by various names such as speed, crystal, glass, ice and Tina, crystal meth can be easily produced in small labs. buy methamphetamine online

    ReplyDelete
  10. There are thousands of online shopping sites where you can order for your products. But how many of these online stores are genuine? Shopping online can be risky if you do not know how to protect yourself. The advert of the internet has made online shopping easier. I was surprised when a friend once told me he preferred offline shopping. He indeed did not know the advantages inherent in online shopping stores. Before giving you hints on how to shop safely, lets look at some of the advantages. 2-fma legality usa

    ReplyDelete
  11. This is my first visit to your web journal! We are a group of volunteers and new activities in the same specialty. Website gave us helpful data to work. home disinfection service

    ReplyDelete
  12. Are you ready to give mystery shopping a serious try? Get some tips on how to get started and where to get the free information you need. leather jacket for kids

    ReplyDelete
  13. Most people want to experience the joy of shopping. People no longer consume purely for practical purposes. They purchase products and services in the hope of expressing who they are, and in hope of becoming happy. Savvy retailers can help their customers to enjoy their shopping spree. 강남셔츠룸

    ReplyDelete
  14. When you have taken up an interest in buying a ski jacket, because you're going on a skiing trip perhaps, then you may want to keep a number of things in mind before you actually make your purchase. There are a number things to look at in any skiing jacket. joker jacket

    ReplyDelete
  15. Were required to give you that almost no remark in order to thanks a lot yet again of these spectacular techniques you might have provided in this posting. It’s so particularly generous with folks such as you to generate unreservedly what the majority of us might have marketed for an book to earn some dough in their own business, primarily since you may have tried it in the event you wanted. The tactics also acted to be good way to know that everyone’s similar desire just as my own, personal to figure out completely more regarding this condition. I’m sure there are thousands of more pleasant opportunities up front for many who go through your website post. best hosting for wordpress

    ReplyDelete
  16. I simply wanted to say thanks yet again. I’m not certain the things I would’ve implemented without the entire recommendations provided by you about my problem. This was a real terrifying difficulty in my position, nevertheless witnessing the very specialized manner you handled that took me to jump for gladness. Now i am happier for your support and as well , hope you recognize what an amazing job that you are doing teaching men and women via your blog. I know that you have never come across any of us. 울산출장안마

    ReplyDelete
  17. My brother recommended I might like this web site. He was totally right. This post actually made my day. You can not imagine simply how much time I had 사설토토

    ReplyDelete
  18. Woah! I’m really digging the template/theme of this blog. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s tough to get that “perfect balance” between usability and visual appeal. I must say you’ve done a excellent job with this. Also, the blog loads super fast for me on Chrome. Outstanding Blog! Visa Cuba

    ReplyDelete
  19. You really should indulge in a tournament for example of the most useful blogs on the internet. I will suggest this site! Vegas SEO SErvices

    ReplyDelete
  20. Thanks for taking the time to discuss this topic. I really appreciate it. I’ll stick a link of this entry in my blog. 웹 사이트 링크 구축

    ReplyDelete
  21. Great article, thanks. I signed up to your blog rss feed. how to get backlinks

    ReplyDelete
  22. I just added this weblog to my feed reader, excellent stuff. Cannot get enough! buy sugaring paste

    ReplyDelete
  23. I’m as you could probably teach a class concerning how to produce a great blog. This is fantastic! I need to say, what really got me was your design. You understand how to make your blog not just a rant about an issue. Youve made it possible for individuals to connect. Healthy, because not too many individuals know what theyre doing. fortnite

    ReplyDelete
  24. Hello, i think that i saw you visited my website so i came to “return the favor”.I’m trying to find things to improve my site!I suppose its ok to use some of your ideas!! bitsler review

    ReplyDelete
  25. Great post and site. Good that Google listed so i was able to get here. This site will go no in my bookmarks from now. تسوق

    ReplyDelete
  26. I impressed, I must say. Actually not often do I encounter a blog that both educative and entertaining, and let me tell you, you have hit the nail on the head. Your idea is excellent; the problem is one thing that not enough people are talking intelligently about. I’m very pleased that I stumbled across this in my seek for one thing relating to this. Parakeets

    ReplyDelete
  27. Loving the information on this site, you have done outstanding job on the posts . waxing

    ReplyDelete
  28. Great goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you’re just extremely wonderful. I actually like what you have acquired here, really like what you’re saying and the way in which you say it. You make it entertaining and you still take care of to keep it sensible. I can not wait to read far more from you. This is really a great site. We Sell & Ship Birds

    ReplyDelete
  29. I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. I am hoping the same best work from you in the future as well. Here is my web-site; Please also visit my site.

    카지노사이트


    온라인카지노


    우리카지노


    온라인바카라


    바카라사이트


    라이브카지노

    ReplyDelete
  30. 바카라사이트
    Hello I am so delighted I located your blog, This is my website and it was very helpful. Believe what you say without a doubt. Reasons for liking are easiest to find on the Internet. You nailed the top and defined the whole with no side effects. People can get signals. Will be back to get more.

    ReplyDelete
  31. I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don't know what to say except that I have enjoyed reading. Nice blog. I will keep visiting this blog very often. vintage hoodie

    ReplyDelete
  32. Great goods from you, man. Thanks for sharing What an interesting site you have I really take a good look best pre built gaming pc australia Your idea is excellent; the problem is one thing that not enough people are talking intelligently about. I’m very pleased that I stumbled across this in my seek for one thing relating to this.

    ReplyDelete
  33. Great article Lot's of information to Read...Great Man Keep Posting and update to People..Thanks clothing brands

    ReplyDelete
  34. Hydrocodone Watson 10/325 mg is a pain killer that is utilized to treat ongoing agony. Hydrocodone Watson 10/325 mg is a narcotic pain relieving, and that implies it alleviates torment. It changes how your body sees and reacts to torment by following up on the mind. Try not to utilize the lengthy delivery kind of Hydrocodone Watson 10/325 mg to treat torment that is negligible or will disappear in a couple of days. This medication ought not be utilized on a "as required" premise.and Sale Hydrocodone 10/325 mg online in next day.

    https://storeonline247.com/
    https://www.healthshopcare.com/

    ReplyDelete
  35. One necessities to remember that Dilaudid is a medication containing Hydrocodone, which is a Schedule II Controlled Substance and has a veritable risk of obsession and abuse - thusly making it vital for know these protections before they buy Dilaudid on the web and start taking it.It is essential to educate your essential consideration doctor concerning the things you use be it any non-medication/specialist recommended medicine or any local thing preceding going through an activity.
    Buy dilaudid 8mg online with credit card

    ReplyDelete
  36. This is a smart blog. I mean it. You have so much knowledge about this issue, and so much passion. You also know how to make people rally behind it, obviously from the responses. https://frclothing.co

    ReplyDelete
  37. Great goods from you, man. Thanks for sharing What an interesting site you have I really take a good look best pre built gaming PCs Melbourne Your idea is excellent; the problem is one thing that not enough people are talking intelligently about. I’m very pleased that I stumbled across this in my seek for one thing relating to this.

    ReplyDelete
  38. I just found this blog and have high hopes for it to continue. Keep up the great work, its hard to find good ones. I have added to my favorites. Thank You. bulk t shirts

    ReplyDelete
  39. I impressed, I have to say. Really not often do I encounter a blog that each educative and entertaining, and let me tell you, you might have hit the nail on the head. Your concept is outstanding; the issue is one thing that not enough individuals are speaking intelligently about. I’m very completely satisfied that I stumbled throughout this in my search for one thing referring to this. err_too_many_redirects

    ReplyDelete
  40. You know your projects stand out of the herd. There is something special about them. It seems to me all of them are really brilliant!
    Order Adderall 30mg Online

    ReplyDelete
  41. Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon. excellentcustomclothing

    ReplyDelete
  42. Great goods from you, man. Thanks for sharing What an interesting site you have I really take a good look best pre-built gaming pc Australia Your idea is excellent; the problem is one thing that not enough people are talking intelligently about. I’m very pleased that I stumbled across this in my seek for one thing relating to this.

    Custom Gaming PC
    PCs Australia

    ReplyDelete
  43. Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I'm happy I found this blog. Thank you for sharing with us,I too always learn something new from your post. techwear-x.com

    ReplyDelete
  44. Pretty good message. I just stumbled upon your weblog and intended to state that I have actually taken pleasure in surfing your post.
    Fitness Health hub

    ReplyDelete
  45. For all the different nodes this could easily cost thousands a month, require lots of ops knowledge and support, and use up lots of electricity. T고양출장샵o set all this up from scratch could cost one to four weeks of developer time depending on if they know the various stacks already. Perhaps you'd have ten nodes to support.

    ReplyDelete

Thank you for visiting Magnifique Brunette. 2014 © All rights reserved by Magnifique Brunette. Powered by Blogger.